Academic freedom is a valuable asset guaranteed by the German Basic Law. However, the legal requirements of export control must also be complied with as a constitutional barrier to academic freedom. For example, export control restrictions and embargoes may apply to international research collaborations, business trips, exports of scientific equipment, the development of new technologies and the recruitment of or collaboration with foreign guest scientists. Higher education institutions, universities and non-university research institutions must be aware of these points of contact in order not to violate the law. Higher education institutions, universities and non-university research institutions are particularly affected as their research and international collaboration often involves technologies that may be subject to export controls and/or embargoes. In addition, their decentralized structure makes it difficult to implement an effective Internal Compliance Program (ICP) in which all involved parties participate. It is therefore all the more important to raise the awareness of all those involved.
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